Air Law

PPL Air Law exam

Covers UK AIP, ICAO Annexes, airspace classification, rules of the air.

Buy this course£45 · 2 months' access
The exam

The PPL Air Law exam at a glance

16
multiple-choice questions
35 min
to answer them
75%
pass mark (12 of 16)
4
attempts per exam

Air Law is usually the first of the nine UK PPL theory exams, because almost every flying school wants it passed before your first solo. It is pure rules: altimeter settings, airspace, rules of the air, VFR minima, licences and emergency procedures. There is little to work out and a lot to remember exactly, which is why it rewards little and often rather than one long read.

You sit it on a computer at your flying school through the CAA's e-Exams system. There is no negative marking, so answer every question. If you fail, you get a Knowledge Deficiency Report showing the syllabus areas you missed.

Your 12-week plan

When to sit Air Law

Aviari's 12-week plan batches the nine exams into four sittings, so you only go to the exam centre four times. Air Law is in sitting 1: you get 12 days of study, then a full mock and time on your pain list (the questions you keep getting wrong), and you sit it together with Operational Procedures at the end of week 3.

Sitting 1 · weeks 1 to 3
  • Air Law
  • Operational Procedures
Sitting 2 · weeks 4 to 6
  • Meteorology
  • Communications
  • Human Performance and Limitations
Sitting 3 · weeks 7 to 9
  • Principles of Flight
  • Aircraft General Knowledge
Sitting 4 · weeks 10 to 12
  • Navigation
  • Flight Performance & Planning
Syllabus

What the Air Law exam covers

  1. Aviation law and who makes it
  2. Rules of the air
  3. Operating at aerodromes
  4. Setting the altimeter
  5. Airspace and who controls it
  6. Air traffic services and what they do
  7. Flying VFR
  8. Flying IFR
  9. Registration, airworthiness and the paperwork
  10. Your pilot licence and what it allows
  11. Documents and equipment you must carry
  12. Mayday, pan-pan and safety calls
  13. Search and rescue and how it works
  14. Accident reporting and investigation

The Aviari Air Law course covers all 14 chapters, with 280 practice questions, 280 flashcards, audio narration for every chapter and a full mock exam.

Common traps

Where students lose marks

Negative questions

"Which of the following is NOT..." Read the question twice. Under time pressure it is easy to skip the word NOT and pick the first true statement.

Out-of-date material

Older books and notes still teach the quadrantal cruising rule, which was replaced by the semi-circular rule. Check the date on anything you revise from.

QNH, QFE and standard setting

Learn them as situations, not definitions. QNH reads altitude above mean sea level, QFE reads height above the aerodrome, and 1013 hPa gives you a flight level.

Light signals

Steady or flashing, red or green, on the ground or in the air. The combinations are easy to mix up, so this is one for flashcards.

Try it

Free PPL Air Law sample questions

These are real questions from the Aviari Air Law course. Pick your answer, then open the explanation.

Question 1 · Rules of the air

You are flying near a congested area. What is the minimum height restriction?

  1. A500 feet above the highest fixed object within 600 metres
  2. B1,000 feet above the highest fixed object within 600 metres
  3. C1,000 feet above the highest fixed object within 150 metres
  4. D500 feet from any person, vessel, vehicle or structure
Show the answer

B) 1,000 feet above the highest fixed object within 600 metres. Over a congested area the minimum is 1,000 ft above the highest fixed object within 600 m.

Question 2 · Rules of the air

Two aircraft are approaching head-on with a danger of collision. What must each do?

  1. AThe lower aircraft descends and the higher climbs
  2. BEach must turn right
  3. CEach must turn left
  4. DThe aircraft on the right maintains course; the other gives way
Show the answer

B) Each must turn right. Head-on, each aircraft turns right, so you both do the same thing and pass left side to left side.

Question 3 · Setting the altimeter

When you set QNH on the altimeter subscale, what does the altimeter indicate?

  1. AFlight level
  2. BPressure altitude
  3. CAltitude above mean sea level
  4. DHeight above aerodrome level
Show the answer

C) Altitude above mean sea level. QNH is mean sea level pressure, so with QNH set the altimeter reads altitude above mean sea level.

Question 4 · Airspace and who controls it

Which airspace classes are currently allocated in UK controlled airspace?

  1. AA, B, C, D, E
  2. BA, C, D, E, G
  3. CA, B, D, E
  4. DC, D, E only
Show the answer

B) A, C, D, E, G. The UK allocates Classes A, C, D and E in controlled airspace, plus G which is uncontrolled, but not Class B.

Question 5 · Flying VFR

What is the minimum distance from cloud under VFR?

  1. A1,000 m horizontally and 1,500 ft vertically
  2. B1,500 m horizontally and 1,000 ft vertically
  3. C1,500 m horizontally and 1,500 ft vertically
  4. D1,000 m horizontally and 1,000 ft vertically
Show the answer

B) 1,500 m horizontally and 1,000 ft vertically. 1,500 m horizontally and 1,000 ft vertically.

Question 6 · Mayday, pan-pan and safety calls

Which of the following visual signals indicates DISTRESS rather than urgency?

  1. AA succession of white pyrotechnics
  2. BRepeated switching of the landing lights on and off
  3. CA red parachute flare
  4. DRepeated switching of the navigation lights on and off
Show the answer

C) A red parachute flare. A red parachute flare is a distress signal, along with S-O-S in Morse and a succession of single red pyrotechnics.

That's 6 of 280. The full course has every chapter, flashcards, audio and a timed mock.

Try Air Law free for 7 days
FAQ

PPL Air Law exam questions, answered

How many questions are in the PPL Air Law exam?

Sixteen multiple-choice questions in 35 minutes. There is no negative marking, so answer every question.

What is the pass mark for PPL Air Law?

75%, which means 12 out of 16. You can get four questions wrong and still pass.

Where do you sit the Air Law exam?

On a computer at your flying school, through the CAA's e-Exams system. Your school books the exam for you once they are happy you are ready.

Do you have to pass Air Law before going solo?

Almost every UK flying school requires it before your first solo. That is school policy rather than a CAA rule, but in practice it makes Air Law your first exam.

How many attempts do you get?

Four attempts per exam, and all nine exams must be passed within 18 months of the end of the month you first sat one. If you fail, you get a Knowledge Deficiency Report showing the syllabus areas you missed.

How long should you study for Air Law?

In the Aviari 12-week plan, Air Law gets twelve days of study, then a full mock and a day on your pain list, and you sit it alongside Operational Procedures at the end of week 3.

Is the UK Air Law exam different from the EASA one?

Most of the syllabus is shared, but some rules differ since the UK left EASA. Aviari covers both, and the course has a section on UK and EASA regulation.

What's included

Everything you need to pass this part of the syllabus.

Question bank

Calibrated to the real exam format. Hundreds of multiple-choice questions with worked explanations.

Mock exams

Timed papers at full CAA difficulty. Same screen, same clock, same answer review you'll see on the day.

Pay once

One-off payment, study at your own pace. No subscription, no auto-renewal.

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